Definition of Loom | Classification of Loom

Loom

The loom is the contact point of the whole process of cloth production, ginning, opening, carding, spinning, winding, warping, sizing and beaming are done before weaving. A loom cannot be said a machine but it is a device which is used to produce woven fabric. Looms are generally driven either by line shaft or by line shaft or by individual motors fitted with it.

Fig: Loom.

Classification of Loom

Different types of looms

Shuttle Loom:

The first ever powered looms were shuttle type looms. Spools of weft are unraveled as the shuttle travels across the shed. This is very similar to projectile methods of weaving with the exception that the weft spool is stored on the shuttle. These looms are considered obsolete in modern industrial fabric manufacturing because these machines can only reach a maximum of 300 picks per minute. 

Shuttle Loom

Airjet Loom:

The first ever powered looms were shuttle type looms. Spools of weft are unraveled as the shuttle travels across the shed. This is very similar to projectile methods of weaving with the exception that the weft spool is stored on the shuttle. These looms are considered obsolete in modern industrial fabric manufacturing because these machines can only reach a maximum of 300 picks per minute.

AirJet Loom

Waterjet Loom:

Water jet type looms use the same principle as air jet looms, however, they take advantage of pressurized water to propel the weft. The advantage of this type of weaving is that water power is cheaper where water is directly available on site. Picks per minute can reach as high as 1000. 

WaterJet Loom

 

Rapier Loom:

This type of weaving is very versatile in that rapier looms can weave using a large variety of threads. There are several different types of rapiers, however they all use a hook system attached to a rod or metal band to pass the pick across the shed. These machines regularly reach 700 picks per minute in normal production.

Rapier Loom

Projectile Loom:

Projectile looms utilize an object that is propelled across the shed, usually by spring power, and is guided across the width of the cloth by a series of reeds. The projectile is then removed from the weft fiber and it is returned to the opposite side of the machine so it can get reused. Multiple projectiles are in use in order to increase the pick speed. Speeds max out on these machines at 1050 ppm.

Projectile Loom

                   Posted By-

                Amanuzzaman

         Campus Correspondent,

Shyamoli Textile Engineering College.